"The first step that parents should take is to confront the child. In most cases, the first confrontation is usually disregarded as the addict is in complete denial of the problem," says Ashit, a counsellor who works with Kripa Foundation, an NGO that helps people suffering from chemical dependency and HIV Infection.

When you first realise that your child is on drugs, you tend to blame yourself. However, you must understand that drug addiction is a disease and needs to be treated. "You will have to put your teen on a daily programme and teach him how to fight the addiction," adds Ashit.

First, you need know what type drugs your child is on; i.e.: hallucinogens, narcotics or stimulants.

Here are some of the most commonly available and used drugs and their effects.

• Heroin is probably one of the most addictive substances. It induces a rush of pleasure. Since the level of addiction is high, your kid may start to convince herself that the only purpose of life is to feel that rush again. The reason it gets so addictive is because the brain cells get dependent on heroin and gradually, you need it to perform even everyday activities.
  Usage and telltale signs: Since heroin is used intravenously, used syringes or needles in the garbage could be an indication that the drug is being taken.
  
  
• Marijuana is the most common type of drug on the streets. It affects the part of the brain responsible for controlling judgement, problem solving ability and memory. It not only weakens short-term memory, it can block information from going into long-term memory.
  Usage and telltale signs: Marijuana has a distinct fragrance and if smoked indoors, leaves the space redolent of tobacco and the substance, the latter giving out a sweet, acute scent.
  
  
• Cocaine is another highly addictive substance that makes you feel extreme paranoia and anxiety. It also affects the receptors in the brain and reduces feelings of pleasure. It can also cause violent behaviour and lead a person to lose all interest in social interaction.
  Usage and telltale signs: Since cocaine is inhaled most often, it can be difficult to look for paraphernalia.
  
  
• Ecstasy is a very common party drug and is used to enhance feelings of openness, empathy, euphoria and well-being. Sometimes, it increases tactile sensations making physical contact of one person with another very pleasurable. But, like most drugs, it destroys brain cells and can cause anxiety.
  Usage and telltale signs: Like cocaine, this drug is taken orally as well. In most cases, ecstasy is available in the form of tiny, round pills.
  
  
• LSD also known as 'Acid', is one of the most potent drugs. A dosage of just 20 micrograms is enough to affect a person. It alters the senses, emotions, awareness and memory for up to 14 hours. Physically, it can cause perspiration, pupil-dilation, sleeplessness, weakness, trembling and nausea. Long-term use can alter the person's mind completely.
  Usage and telltale signs: Like most chemical drugs, LSD is typically delivered orally through a blot on paper, a cube of sugar etc.
  

Get Help!

"As soon as your child starts to show symptoms of an addiction, you should seek the help of a counsellor immediately," warns Ashit.

Each individual's treatment depends on the drug, she is addicted to and behavioural patterns. Clinical Psychologist Seema Hingorrany tells you how to deal with an addictive kid.

• Identify the symptoms and know for certain that your child has a drug addiction.
• Often, parents themselves face depression, as they find it difficult to accept that their child is on drugs. Therefore, you must prepare yourself mentally and emotionally. Your child depends on you and needs your support.
• Do not reprimand your child. Approach him with compassion and do not call them names like "black sheep" as it will only make them feel worse.
• Fighting drug addiction is a long-term process. Do not rush treatment or start expecting a miraculous healing.
• Take your child to a clinical psychologist or a counsellor. A counsellor will help you both understand and deal with the situation.

With a little patience and support, you can help your child overcome drug addiction. Being positive and taking the first step towards seeking help is all it takes to kick the bad habit.

(With inputs from Seema Hingorrany who runs a private practice in Bandra)

Author: Sophia French, a freelance journalist.